Question Bank: Important Long Questions

Chapter 3

SURVEYING

Answer the following:

1. Explain the basic principles of surveying.

2. Give the classifications of survey. Explain briefly.

3. Explain the principle of chain surveying.

4. Define the terms: (i) Tie station (ii) Check line (iii) Tie line (iv) Offset

5. Explain the three basic operations in conducting chain surveying.

6. Define the term: Traverse survey. How does it differ from chain survey? Discuss the two types of traverse survey with neat sketches.

7. Explain the principle of prismatic compass with a neat sketch. Explain the process of taking readings using it.

8. Explain, with a neat sketch, the construction of surveyor's compass.

9. Distinguish between:

(i) Fore bearing and Back bearing

(ii) Open traverse and Closed traverse

(iii) Prismatic compass and Surveyor's compass

(iv) True bearing and Magnetic bearing

(v) Whole circle bearing and Reduced bearing

(vi) Simple levelling and Differential levelling

(vii) Back sight and Fore sight

10. Explain the principle of compass surveying.

11. List the different types of leveling.

12. Define the following terms: (i) Bearing (ii) Meridian (iii) Local attraction

13. Describe the principle of operation of a transit theodolite with a neat diagram.

14. Name the fundamental lines of a transit and their relations.

15. Define the following terms with respect to the theodolite:

(i) Centering

(ii) Levelling

(iii) Transiting

(iv) Face left observation

(v) Face right observation

(vi) Line of sight.

16. Explain, with suitable sketches, the measurements of horizontal angle and vertical angle of an object.

17. Define the following terms used in levelling: Level line, Axis of level tube, Line of collimation, Datum surface, Benchmark, Height of collimation, Change point and Intermediate sight.

18. Explain the working principle of dumpy level with a neat sketch.

19. Explain the principle of levelling with necessary diagrams.

20. Distinguish between simple levelling and differential levelling with suitable sketches.

21. Explain two methods of computing reduced levels of points.

22. List the characteristics of contours. Mention any three uses of contour maps.

23. Convert the following Whole Circle Bearing into Reduced Bearing:

(a) 66° 30' (c) 265° 10' (e) 205° 30'

(b) 130° 15' (d) 295° 30' (f) 320° 15'

24. Find the back bearings for the following observed fore bearings of the lines: 

AB = 15° 30' PQ = N 12° 45' E

BC = 125° 40' QR = S 46° 20' E

CD = 210° 00' RS = S 68° 30' W

DE = 345° 15' ST = N 81° 00' WI

Solution

When the bearings are measured in WCB system, the fore and back bearings should exactly differ by 180°. Therefore, B.B. = F.B. † 180°. Use +ve sign if the F.B. is less than 180°. Use -ve sign if the F.B. is greater than 180°.

When the bearings are measured in Q.B. system, the fore and back bearing values remain the same except the quadrant. The quadrant has changed from NE to SW and NW to SE.

25.  The following staff readings were observed successively with a level, the instrument having been moved after third, sixth and eight readings: 3.120, 1.505, 0.900, 2.500, 2.955, 1.115, 0.505, 2.165 meters. Enter the readings in a page of a level book and calculate the R.L. of points, if the first reading was taken with a staff held on a Bench Mark of 410.200 m.

Solution

 (i) By Height of Collimation Method

(ii) By Rise and Fall Method

The above problem may be solved by Rise and Fall Method also. The results may be arithmetically checked.

26. The following are the observed fore bearing of the traverse sides: AB, 80° 30'; BC, 150° 15'; CD, 270° 20'; and DE, 3250 30'. Find their back bearings.

27. From a chain line, the following perpendicular offsets were measured to a boundary line:

Determine the area between the boundary and the chain line (i) By Mean Ordinate Rule (ii) By Trapezoidal Rule and (iii) By Simpson's Rule

 

Answers

(i) By Mean Ordinate Rule: Area = 472.50 m2

(ii) By Trapezoidal Rule: Area = 502.00 m2 and

(iii) By Simpson's Rule: Area = 511.50 m2

 Note: The number of offsets is 8, which is even. Find the area between the first and seventh offsets by Simpson's Rule. The area between the seventh and eighth offsets is determined by Trapezoidal Rule.

 Total Area = Area between the first offset and seventh offset + Area between the seventh offset and eighth offset = 433 + 78.50 = 511.50 m²