Word Formation (noun-verb-adj-adv)

CHAPTER - 2

WORD FORMATION

(NOUN-VERB-ADJ-ADV)

CHANGING WORDS INTO DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH

There are eight parts of speech. This can be remembered as NAP-VAP-CI viz Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection.

Words can be changed into other parts of speech with the addition of certain letters either as prefix or as suffix.

NOUNS

Suffixes like er, ist, or, ant, ator are added for nouns especially personal nouns.

Suffixes like 'ance, ence, tion, sion, ment, ity, age, ency, ism, ness are added for functional nouns.

Titbits

Be careful with spelling of maintenance.

main – te - nance

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives can be framed by using certain suffixes like: ble, ible, able, al, ous, ive, tive, ical, ing, ed, ory, tic etc.

Titbits

‘uninterested' means not having interest.

'disinterested' means not having partiality or discrimination.

Intrest is wrong.

Interest is right.

VERBS

Suffixes should be removed to get verbs.

Prefixes like: en, em can be added to make verbs. Suffixes

like: ize, ise can be added to frame verbs.

Titbits

'Discourage' is not the opposite of 'courage'.

Encourage × discourage

Courage × cowardice.