Buildings

UNIT – III

Chapter - 5

FOUNDATIONS

"A house is built of bricks and cement!

A home is built of love and affection!!"

BUILDINGS

A Building is a civil engineering structure. It may be a living place surrounded by walls and covered by a roof for the purpose of keeping out rain, sun and wind. Also, it may be to provide working space for offices and so on.

1. TYPES OF BUILDINGS

Based on the purpose served by buildings, they are classified as:

1. Residential Buildings: Terraced Houses, Bungalows, Apartments, etc.

2. Educational Buildings: Schools, Colleges, Libraries, Universities, Training Institutions, etc.

3. Business Buildings: Shopping Complexes, Departmental Stores, Showrooms, Banks, etc.

4. Industrial Buildings: Manufacturing Industries, Factories, Refineries, Power Plants, etc.

5. Storage Buildings: Ware Houses, Godowns, Cold Storage Buildings, etc.

2. SELECTION OF SITE FOR A BUILDING

1. The site should preferably have a flat and square/rectangular shape.

2. It should have hard soil at a reasonable depth for a good foundation. A made-up site with filled-up soil should be avoided. Building constructed in such a site develops crack due to unequal settlement.

3. The site should not be undulating, since this leads to increase in cost for levelling the ground.

4. Site for the residential building should be preferably in a developed or developing locality.

5. Facilities like water line, sewer line, power line, street lighting, etc., should be available.

6. The site should have a good road network, etc.

7. The site should be large enough to provide sufficient air and sun light to the building.

8. Low lying area should be avoided. Such areas will have drainage problem.

9. Residential buildings should not be located near industries, workshops or factories, since such locations are subjected to continuous noise pollution.