Basic Civil & Mechanical Engineering: UNIT II: b. Chain surveying
Chain surveying
Civil Engineering
The measurements used in surveying to obtain a plan or map of the area surveyed are:
UNIT – II
Chapter - 3 (A)
CHAIN SURVEYING
SURVEYING MEASUREMENTS
The
measurements used in surveying to obtain a plan or map of the area surveyed
are:
1.
Linear Measurement: Linear measurement deals with the
distance between the points on horizontal or vertical plane. When the distance
is measured in horizontal plane, it is called Horizontal Distance. If measured
in the vertical plane, it is called Vertical Distance.
2.
Angular Measurement: Angular measurement deals with the
direction of a line with reference to any known direction or line. It is simply
called as Angle. The angle when measured in horizontal plane, it is called
Horizontal Angle. When measured in vertical plane, it is called Vertical Angle.
Unit of measurement of angles is degrees or radians (it radians = 180°).
1. INSTRUMENTS USED IN SURVEYING
1.
Tape and Chain are used for the direct measurement of length of a survey line
in the horizontal plane.
2.
Instruments like Cross Staff, Optical Square, Ranging Rods and Line Ranger are
used for ranging and laying out a survey line.
3.
Level and Hand Level are used for the measurement of distances in the vertical
plane.
4.
Theodolite, Prismatic Compass and Box Sextant are used for the angular
measurements (i.e., direction) of a survey line.
5.
Plane Table is used for making measurements and plotting of a survey line
simultaneously."
2. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES
Measurement
of distances between two points on the Earth's surface is done by two methods:
1.
Direct Method: In Direct Method, distances are
measured using Tapes, Chains, etc.
2.
Computative Method: In Computative Method, the
distances are obtained by computation (calculation) using Triangulation,
Tachometry, etc.
Basic Civil & Mechanical Engineering: UNIT II: b. Chain surveying : Tag: : Civil Engineering - Chain surveying
Basic Civil & Mechanical Engineering: UNIT II: b. Chain surveying
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Basic Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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