Electric Circuit Analysis: Unit I: b. Basic circuits analysis
Some important terms
Wave form, Cycle, Time period, Frequency, Amplitude | Basic circuits analysis
Wave form : It is the graph drawn between the alternating quantity (only instantaneous value) as ordinate and time as abscissa.
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
(i) Wave form
It
is the graph drawn between the alternating quantity (only instantaneous value)
as ordinate and time as abscissa.
The
alternating quantity may be either voltage or current or flux. Accordingly, the
wave form is known as voltage wave form, current wave form or flux wave form.
There are many types of wave forms. Some examples are
(a)
Sinusoidal wave form,
(b)
Rectangular wave form,
(c)
Triangular wave form
(d)
Saw-tooth wave form
(e)
Trapezoidal wave form
(f)
Stepped wave form and so on.
Assuming
the alternative quantity to be the voltage, the wave forms for the above cases
are plotted below.
Note:
1.
Only few types of wave forms are shown above.
2.
The reader must be able to draw the wave form when its equation is given.
3.
He or she must also be able to write the equation when the wave form is given.
4.
Our discussion is confined only to sinusoidal wave form. The definition for
various other terms are confined to sinusoidal wave form.
(ii) Cycle
It
is a set of positive and negative portions of wave form
(iii) Time period
The
time required for an alternating quantity to complete one cycle is called the
time period and is denoted by T.
(iv) Frequency
The
number of cycles per second is called frequency and is denoted by f. It is
measured in cycles/second (cps) or Hertz (Hz).
From
definitions of T and f, we can write that
f
= 1 / T
(v) Amplitude
The
maximum value of the alternating quantity in a cycle, is called amplitude. It
is also known as peak value or crest value. In the voltage wave form shown in
Fig (1.75), the peak value is Em. It is obtained when the angle is π/2 (positive cycle) and 3π/2 (negative cycle).
Relation
between ω and f
Angular
distance = angular velocity × time
i.e.,
θ = ω × t ... (4)
When
θ = 360° = 2π radians, one cycle is completed.
Then
time t = time taken for completion of one cycle = T. Substituting these values
in equation (4) we get
2π
= ωT
⇒ ω 2π / T
⇒ ω 2πf
Electric Circuit Analysis: Unit I: b. Basic circuits analysis : Tag: : Wave form, Cycle, Time period, Frequency, Amplitude | Basic circuits analysis - Some important terms
Electric Circuit Analysis: Unit I: b. Basic circuits analysis
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Electric Circuit Analysis
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